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Copy of Week 19, Day 1: C’est and Il Est

  • English

  • French

How are you today? It's the beginning of another week, which means a new set of lessons for you to study. Today, we'll be tackling a very useful topic: c’est and il est.

First, let's take a look at the similarities between the two:

❑  Both are used to say "it is," "that is," "this is," or even "they are" and "he/she is."

❑  The two are also root forms and may change their form when talking about specific things (c’est becomes ce sont when plural and il est becomes elle est, ils sont, or elles sont).

❑  You use il est and c’est to give impersonal and general comments like "it's nice," "it's unfortunate," or "it's wonderful" ; « it’s normal …, « it’s obvious that... ».

Both expressions may seem like they mean the same thing, but they are not interchangeable. And so the question goes, when should you use c’est, and when should you use il est?

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❑  With adjectives:

   o Use c’est when the adjective describes a situation. Example: C’est bizarre!

   o Use c’est when the adjective describes something that was already mentioned or is implied in the conversation. Example:

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   o Use il est when the adjective describes a person.

Example: il est bizarre!

❑ With nouns:

   o Use c’est with modified nouns. Modified nouns are nouns that come with either an article, an adjective, or both.

Examples:

Listen to Week 19 Day 1 Track 3

  • English

  • French

C'est ma mère. (That's my mother.)

C'est la vie ! (That's life!)

C'est une bonne idée. (That's a good idea.)

   o  Use il est with unmodified nouns. Unmodified nouns are nouns that have no article, adjective, or any other modifier. These are usually nouns about profession, nationality, or religion.

Speaking Practice 1

Exemple:

Listen to Week 19 Day 1 Track 4

Il est médecin. (He's a doctor.)

Il est américain. (He's American.)

Speaking Practice 2

  • English

  • French

❑ With adverbs:

Listen to Week 19 Day 1 Track 5

  • English

  • French

   ● Use il est with an unmodified adverb.

Example: Il est tard. (It’s late.)

   ● Use c’est with a modified adverb.

Example: C’est trop tard. (It’s too late.)

❑  With impersonal expressions:

   ● Use c’est when you want to sound less formal.

   ● Use il est when you want to sound more formal.

❑  With expressions related to time:

   ● Use il est when you are stating the time.

Example: Il est cinq heures. (It’s five o’clock.)

   ● Use c’est when you are telling the length or period of time.

Example: Paris-Provence, c’est cinq heures. (Paris to Provence is five hours.)

❑ Here are other uses which are specific to c’est:

   ● Use c’est with proper names.

Example: C’est Pierre. (That’s Pierre.)

   ● Use c’est with stressed pronouns.

Example: C’est moi. (That’s me.)

  ● Usage specific to il est:

  ● Use il est with prepositional phrases.

Example: Il est à l'hôpital. (He’s at the hospital.)

Speaking Practice 3


Vocabulaire complémentaire:

Listen to Week 19 Day 1 Track 6

French EnglishFrench ExampleEnglish Example
Ce problème tire ses origines dans ...This problem has its roots in...Ce problème tire ses origines dans le manque d’éducation.This problem has its roots in the lack of education.
Ce qui est certain, c'est que ...What is certain is that...Ce qui est certain, c'est qu'il y a toujours une solution à chaque problème.What is certain is that there's always a solution to every problem.
Ce serait de la folie de ...It would be madness to...Ce serait de la folie de déclencher une guerre contre le Moyen-Orient.It would be madness to start a war against the middle east.
ignorer (le fait que)to ignore the fact thatCe serait une grave erreur d'ignorer les accusations à son égard.It would be a big mistake to ignore the fact that he has charges against him.
Certains soutiennent que... Some people maintain that...Certains soutiennent que la langue française est plus utile que l'allemande.Some people maintain that the French language is more useful than German.
C'est une politique vouée à l'échec It's a policy that's bound to fail.C'est une politique vouée à l'échec, mais tout le monde est censé la suivre.It's a policy that's bound to fail but everyone is expected to follow.
Cette ligne de conduite court le risque de ...This course of action runs the risk of...Cette ligne de conduite court le risque de perdre la confiance des gens.This course of action runs the risk of losing people's trust.
Comment inverser cette tendance?How can we reverse this trend?Comment inverser cette tendance de la montée des extrêmes, de la peur de l'autre et du repli identitaire ?How can we reverse this trend which is giving birth to extremism, the fear of others, and isolationism?
contrairement aux idées reçues contrary to popular beliefContrairement aux idées reçues, le monde au cours des vingt dernières années est devenu plus pacifique.Contrary to popular belief, the world in the last twenty years has grown more peaceful.
dans l'état actuel des chosesthe way things stand at the momentDans l'état actuel des choses, je ne pense pas que nous puissions revenir à la situation telle qu'elle l'était autrefois.The way things stand at the moment, I don't think we can go back to the way it was before.
Dans quelle mesure peut-on attribuer ... ? To what extent can we attribute...?Dans quelle mesure peut-on attribuer l'aide aux personnes dans le besoin ?How far can we attribute to help people in need?
en ce qui concerne as far as ... is concernedEn ce qui concerne la météo, nous avons du soleil depuis une semaine.As far as the weather is concerned, we've been having sunshine for the past week.
Est-ce qu'on peut dire que ... ? Can we say that...?Est-ce qu'on peut dire que c'est la bonne solution ?Can we say that this is the right solution?
Il est hors de question que ...It is out of the question that...Il est hors de question que nous puissions voyager confortablement cette année.It is out of the question that we can travel conveniently this year.
Il faut mener une action d'envergure nationale.National action is required.Il faut mener une action d'envergure nationale pour contrôler cette pandémie.National action is required to control this pandemic.
Il importe de comprendre que ...It is vital to realize that...Il importe de comprendre qu'il est important de prévenir la propagation du virus.It is vital to realize that preventing the spread of the virus is important.
Il ne faut pas s'attendre à ...We cannot expect...Il ne faut pas s'attendre à ce que tout le monde respecte la distance sociale.We cannot expect everyone to respect social distancing.
Il n'est pas question de ...It's not a matter of...Il n'est pas question de couleur de peau pour gagner le respect et l'acceptation.It's not a matter of your skin color to gain respect and acceptance.
Il reste à savoir si ...It remains to be seen whether...Il reste à voir si cela se produira réellement. It remains to be seen whether it will actually happen.
La clé du problème est ...The key to the problem is...La clé du problème est de mener des recherches plus approfondies.The key to the problem is to conduct more thorough research.
mettre sur pied un système au moyen duquel on peut ...to set up a system whereby we can...Il est primordial de mettre sur pied un système au moyen duquel on peut voter en toute sécurité.It is essential to set up a system whereby we can vote securely.
On voit mal comment ...It is hard to see how...On voit mal comment certaines personnes essaient de survivre pendant cette pandémie.It is hard to see how some people try to survive during this pandemic.
Réfléchissons d'abord à ...Let's first consider...Réfléchissons d'abord à différentes idées et possibilités.Let's first consider different ideas and possibilities.
Un autre aspect du problème est ...Another aspect of the problem is...Un autre aspect du problème est la surpopulation et l'augmentation de la pauvreté.Another aspect of the problem is the overpopulation and increase in poverty.
un problème qui touche toutes les couches sociales a problem that affects all levels of societyUne croissance économique lente est un problème qui touche toutes les couches sociales.Slow economic growth is a problem that affects all levels of society.
une des premières questions qui se posentone of the first questions that arises«Quel est le remède ?» est l'une des premières questions qui se posent.What's the cure? is one of the first questions that arises.

Speaking Practice 4

A Quick Recap of this Lesson-

Un petit résumé de la leçon


  • English

  • French

Choosing whether to use c’est or il est can be troublesome for non-French speakers. Today, we discussed the uses for each expression.

  • Adjectives: Use c’est when the adjective describes a situation or something that was already implied. Use il est when the adjective describes a person.
  • Nouns: Use c’est with modified nouns and il est with unmodified nouns
  • Adverbs: Use c’est with modified adverbs and il est with unmodified adverbs.
  • Nouns: Use c’est with modified nouns and il est with unmodified nouns
  • Use c’est in informal usage; use il est when you want to sound more formal.
  • Use il est when telling time.
  • Use c’est with proper names and stressed pronouns.
  • Use il est with prepositional phrases.

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