Copy of Week 20, Day 1: Subordinating Conjunctions
In a previous lesson, you learned about coordinating conjunctions. Today, we will learn about the second kind of conjunctions: the subordinating conjunction. We will also learn a different set of vocabulary: words related to video games.
• Subordinating conjunctions, as their name states, are used to join a subordinating clause (dependent clause) to a main clause.
• There are only a few subordinating conjunctions: “comme,” “quand,” “lorsque,” “puisque,” “que,” “quoique,” and “si.”
• However, we usually encounter what are called the “conjunctive phrases” (”locutions conjonctive”). These are groups of two or more words that have the same function as a conjunction. Conjunctive phrases in French usually end with “que.”
For easy reference, here’s a table that shows the use of each single subordinating conjunction with an example:
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 2
Conjunction | English translation | Explanation | Example |
---|---|---|---|
comme | as, since | is used to compare or indicate a cause. | Elle est blanche comme la neige. |
She is as white as snow. | |||
puisque | as, since | indicates a subordinating cause. | Puisque j’ai beaucoup de travail, je ne peux pas rentrer plus tôt. |
As I have a lot of work, I can’t come back home sooner. | |||
quand | when | indicates a cause or a condition (similar to “si”). | Je pars quand tu arrives. |
I leave when you come. | |||
lorsque | when | indicates a cause (similar to “quand”). | L’indiscipline se comprend lorsqu’on est enfant. |
The lack of discipline is understandable when we are children. | |||
que | that | introduces a completive subordinating clause. | Je sais qu’il va trouver la solution. |
I know that he will find the solution. | |||
quoique* | even though | indicates two ideas in opposition. | Quoi qu’il arrive, tu dois rester ici. |
*Note that quoique must be followed by the subjunctive. | No matter what happens, you must stay here. | ||
si | if | indicates a condition or hypothesis. | Si tu ne veux pas manger, prend donc un café. |
If you don’t want to eat, have a coffee then. |
Speaking Practice 1
Take note that:
• Most of these subordinating conjunctions (“comme,” “puisque,” “lorsque,” and “quand”) are used to mark the relationship of cause-consequence, in which the subordinating clause expresses the cause.
• Others (“quoique,” “si,” etc.) are used to express an opposition or a hypothesis.
Let’s also take a look at conjunctive phrases. Since there are too many of them in French, you will need a good strategy for learning them, such as grouping them according to their meanings. Let’s take a look at the classifications below.
Main Clause’s Tense | Order of Action | Dependent Clause’s Tense |
Present | Both action happens simultaneously. | Present subjunctive |
Present | The dependent clause’s action happens before. | Past subjunctive |
Past | Both actions happen simultaneously. | Present subjunctive (imperfect subjunctive (*)) |
Past | The dependent clause’s action happens before. | Past subjunctive (pluperfect subjunctive (*)) |
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 3
Type | Conjunctions | Example |
---|---|---|
Objective conjunctions | de manière (que), en sorte que, pour que… | Je vous donne ce texte pour que vous puissiez le travailler à la maison. |
I will give you this text so that you can work on it at home. | ||
Cause conjunctions | parce que, alors que… | Je ne peux pas participer parce que je suis malade. |
I can’t participate because I am ill. | ||
Opposition conjunctions | bien que, malgré que, sauf que, sans que… | Je ne peux pas te faire passer bien que tu aies fait des progrès. |
I can’t let you pass although you have made progress. | ||
Time conjunctions | avant que, à mesure que, après que, depuis que… | Il est parti avant que je vienne. |
He left before I came. | ||
Comparison conjunctions | autant que, tel que, de même que | J’essaie autant que possible pour trouver une solution. |
I try as much as possible to find a solution. | ||
Condition conjunctions | à condition que, au cas où, à moins que… | Je te laisserai entrer à condition que tu ne fasses pas de bêtises. |
I will let you enter on the condition that you do not do stupid things. |
For the second part of this lesson, we will be learning more words, but this time, about video games. Whether you play video games or not, it is an interesting topic to talk about, and you might find yourself conversing about it with people. Let’s take a look at these words now.
To start, here is some basic vocabulary related to video games.
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 5
French | English |
---|---|
un jeu vidéo | a video game |
une manette | a joystick |
un volant (pour jeu de course) | a racing wheel |
jouer | play |
faire une pause | pause |
résumer | resume |
gagner | win |
perdre | lost |
Speaking Practice 2
Let’s see some examples to understand and memorize the vocabulary better.
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 6
• Bonjour Monsieur, je voudrais acheter une manette de jeu vidéo s’il vous plaît.
Sir, I want to buy a joystick for my video game, please.
• Je joue au jeu vidéo avec mon frère tous les weekends. La plupart du temps c’est moi qui perds.
I play videogames with my brother every weekend. I lose most of the time.
Now, let’s talk about different kinds of games while looking at related illustrations.
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 7
• Jeux d'action (action games): a game that emphasizes hand-eye coordination and reaction-time. This includes fighting games, sports games, racing games, and more.
• Jeux de réflexion (puzzle games): puzzle games give you problems to solve with increasing levels of difficulty.
• Jeux de stratégie (strategy game): as its name implies, winning this kind of game requires strategy on your part. Online or offline, turn-based or simultaneous, these games are among the most complicated but undoubtedly the most interesting to play.
Speaking Practice 3
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 8
- Je préfère jouer aux jeux de stratégie sur l'ordinateur.
- I prefer to play strategy games on the computer.
- J'aime plutôt les jeux d'actions avec des manettes.
- I rather like actions games with joysticks.
- Mes jeux favoris sont les jeux de réflexion pour résoudre des problèmes.
- My favorite games are the puzzle games for solving problems.
Vocabulaire complémentaire:
Listen to Week 20 Day 1 Track 9
French | English | French Example | English Example |
---|---|---|---|
à mesure que | as (progressively) | Le niveau des prestations diminue à mesure que le revenu du ménage augmente. | The level of benefit decreases as household income increases. |
tout aussi | just as, just so | Celui-ci est tout aussi bon que celui-là. | This one is just as good as that one. |
alors que | while, whereas | Je ne veux pas que vous conduisiez alors que vous envoyez des SMS. | I don't want you to drive while you're texting. |
après que | after, when | Je rentrerai à la maison après que le spectacle sera terminé. | I will come home after the show is over. |
au cas où | in case | Appelez ce numéro au cas où il y aurait une urgence. | Call this number in case of an emergency. |
aussitôt que | as soon as | Faites-moi savoir aussitôt que vous aurez des informations. | Let me know as soon as you get some information. |
au cas où | in the event that | Nous avons besoin d'un plan de sauvegarde au cas où ce plan ne fonctionnerait pas. | We need a backup plan in the event that this plan doesn't work. |
de même que | just as | Les hommes, de même que les femmes, peuvent être vulnérables. | Men can be just as vulnerable as women. |
depuis que | since | Cela fait longtemps depuis que nous nous sommes vus. | It's been a long time since we saw each other. |
dès que | as soon as | L'article sera livré dès que le paiement sera effectué. | The item will be delivered as soon as payment is made. |
parce que | because | Je suis devenu fou parce que tu es partie. | I got mad because you walked away. |
pendant que | while | Ne m'appelle pas pendant que je suis au travail. | Don't call me while I'm at work. |
quand bien même | even though, if | Mon réveil ne m'a pas réveillé quand bien même qu'il était bruyant. | My alarm didn't wake me up even though it was loud. |
tandis que | while, whereas | Tu devrais me rendre visite tandis que tu es en ville. | You should visit me while you're in town. |
tant que | as long as | Vous pouvez rester tant que vous le souhaitez. | You can stay as long as you want. |
vu que | seeing as/that | Ils sont heureux vu qu'ils se sont enfin installés. | They are happy seeing that they are finally settled. |
Speaking Practice 4
A Quick Recap of this Lesson-
Un petit résumé de la leçon
We’ve had a bit of a busy day, haven’t we? We learned about subordinating conjunctions, including conjunctive phrases. We also learned new words related to video games.
Sharpen Your Knowledge with Exercises
Exercise 1
Exercise 2
Provide the name or the category that the games belong to (in French):
jeu d’action/ jeu de stratégie / manette / volant / jeu de réflexion
Image 1
Image 2
Image 3
Image 4
Image 5
Exercise 3
Answer the questions about the dialogue.
Responses